Gitlab的安装及使用教程完全版

# 要先将这个rpm包下载到本地
yum install -y gitlab-ce-13.6.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm

[gitlab-ce]
name=gitlab-ce
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gitlab-ce/yum/el7/
Repo_gpgcheck=0
Enabled=1
Gpgkey=https://packages.gitlab.com/gpg.key

yum makecache  # 这一步会创建大量的数据
 
# 直接安装最新版
yum install -y gitlab-ce
 
# 如果要安装指定的版本，在后面填上版本号即可
yum install -y  gitlab-ce-13.6.1
 
# 如果安装时出现gpgkey验证错误，只需在安装时明确指明不进行gpgkey验证
yum install gitlab-ce -y --nogpgcheck

docker run -d --name gitlab --hostname gitlab.example.com \
-e GITLAB_OMNIBUS_CONFIG="
    external_url 'https://gitlab.example.com'
    gitlab_rails['gitlab_shell_ssh_port'] = 22
    nginx['redirect_http_to_https'] = true
    nginx['ssl_dhparam'] = '/etc/gitlab/ssl/dhparam.pem'
    nginx['ssl_certificate'] = '/etc/gitlab/ssl/domain.crt'
    nginx['ssl_certificate_key'] = '/etc/gitlab/ssl/domain.key'
    nginx['custom_gitlab_server_config'] = 'location ^~ /.well-known {\n alias /var/opt/gitlab/letsencrypt/.well-known;\n}\n'
    high_availability['mountpoint'] = ['/etc/gitlab', '/var/log/gitlab' '/var/opt/gitlab'  # 严格限定gitlab服务启动前，指定文件系统挂完毕
" \
-p 22:22 -p 80:80 -p 443:443 \
-v /srv/gitlab/config:/etc/gitlab \
-v /srv/gitlab/logs:/var/log/gitlab \
-v /srv/gitlab/data:/var/opt/gitlab \
-v /etc/certs:/etc/gitlab/ssl \
--restart=always gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest
 

docker pull gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest
 
############################ 多行命令开始 ##########################
cat > docker-compose.yaml <<EOF
version: '2'
 
services:
 
  Gitlab:
    image: 'gitlab/gitlab-ce:latest'
    container_name: 'gitlab'
    hostname: 'gitlab.example.com'
    restart: always
    ports:
      - '22:22'
      - '80:80'
      - '443:443'
    environment:
      GITLAB_OMNIBUS_CONFIG: |
        # Add any other gitlab.rb configuration here, each on its own line
        external_url 'https://gitlab.example.com'
        gitlab_rails['gitlab_shell_ssh_port'] = 22
        nginx['redirect_http_to_https'] = true
        nginx['ssl_dhparam'] = "/etc/gitlab/ssl/dhparam.pem"
        nginx['ssl_certificate'] = "/etc/gitlab/ssl/domain.crt"
        nginx['ssl_certificate_key'] = "/etc/gitlab/ssl/domain.key"
        nginx['custom_gitlab_server_config'] = "location ^~ /.well-known {\n alias /var/opt/gitlab/letsencrypt/.well-known;\n}\n"
        high_availability['mountpoint'] = ["/etc/gitlab", "/var/log/gitlab", "/var/opt/gitlab"]  # 严格限定gitlab服务启动前，指定文件系统挂完毕
    volumes:
      - /srv/gitlab/config:/etc/gitlab
      - /srv/gitlab/logs:/var/log/gitlab
      - /srv/gitlab/data:/var/opt/gitlab
      - /etc/certs:/etc/gitlab/ssl
EOF
############################ 多行命令结束 ##########################
 
# 启动服务
docker-compose -f docker-compose.yaml up -d
 

[root@centos7 test]# vim /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
 
[root@centos7 test]# grep "^[a-Z]" /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
 
external_url 'http://10.0.0.51'  # 这里一定要加上http://
 
# 配置邮件服务
gitlab_rails['smtp_enable'] = true
gitlab_rails['smtp_address'] = "smtp.qq.com"
gitlab_rails['smtp_port'] = 25
gitlab_rails['smtp_user_name'] = "[email protected]"  # 自己的qq邮箱账号
gitlab_rails['smtp_password'] = "xxx"  # 开通smtp时返回的授权码
gitlab_rails['smtp_domain'] = "qq.com"
gitlab_rails['smtp_authentication'] = "login"
gitlab_rails['smtp_enable_starttls_auto'] = true
gitlab_rails['smtp_tls'] = false
gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_from'] = "[email protected]"  # 指定发送邮件的邮箱地址
user["git_user_email"] = "[email protected]"   # 指定接收邮件的邮箱地址

gitlab-ctl reconfigure # 重载配置文件
gitlab-ctl restart

gitlab-rails console
Notify.test_email('[email protected]','testbiaoti','testzhegnwen1').deliver_now

[root@test102 ~]# gitlab-rails console
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 GitLab:       12.5.0 (1f0ab8978ef)
GitLab Shell: 10.2.0
 PostgreSQL:   10.9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Loading production environment (Rails 5.2.3)
irb(main):001:0> Notify.test_email('[email protected]','test','test').deliver_now
Notify#test_email: processed outbound mail in 1.4ms
Sent mail to [email protected] (73.0ms)
Date: Wed, 27 Nov 2019 15:12:58 +0800
From: GitLab <[email protected]>
Reply-To: GitLab <[email protected]>
To: [email protected]
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
Subject: test
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/html;
charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Auto-Submitted: auto-generated
X-Auto-Response-Suppress: All
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd">
<html><body><p>test</p></body></html>
=> #<Mail::Message:70141649239780, Multipart: false, Headers: <Date: Wed, 27 Nov 2019 15:12:58 +0800>, <From: GitLab <[email protected]>>, <Reply-To: GitLab <[email protected]>>, <To: [email protected]>, <Message-ID: <[email protected]>>, <Subject: test>, <Mime-Version: 1.0>, <Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8>, <Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit>, <Auto-Submitted: auto-generated>, <X-Auto-Response-Suppress: All>>
irb(main):002:0>
irb(main):003:0> exit
[root@test102 ~]#
 

gitaly['env'] = {
    "http_proxy" => "http://USERNAME:[email protected]:8080",
    "https_proxy" => "http://USERNAME:[email protected]:8080"
}

# Needed for proxying Git clones
gitaly['env'] = {
    "http_proxy" => "http://USERNAME:[email protected]:8080",
    "https_proxy" => "http://USERNAME:[email protected]:8080"
}

gitlab_workhorse['env'] = {
    "http_proxy" => "http://USERNAME:[email protected]:8080",
    "https_proxy" => "http://USERNAME:[email protected]:8080"
}

gitlab_pages['env'] = {
    "http_proxy" => "http://USERNAME:[email protected]:8080",
    "https_proxy" => "http://USERNAME:[email protected]:8080"
}

# If you use the docker registry
registry['env'] = {
    "http_proxy" => "http://USERNAME:[email protected]:8080",
    "https_proxy" => "http://USERNAME:[email protected]:8080"
}

gitlab-ctl start         # 启动所有 gitlab 组件
gitlab-ctl stop          # 停止所有 gitlab 组件
gitlab-ctl restart       # 重启所有 gitlab 组件
gitlab-ctl status        # 查看服务状态
 
gitlab-ctl reconfigure   # 启动服务
gitlab-ctl show-config   # 验证配置文件
 
gitlab-ctl tail          # 查看日志
 
gitlab-rake gitlab:check SANITIZE=true --trace    # 检查gitlab
 
vim /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb # 修改默认的配置文件

# 将app01项目克隆下来
git clone [email protected]:java/app01.git
 
# 初始化配置
git config --global user.name "hgzero"
git config --global user.email "[email protected]"
 
# 在app01目录下新建一些文件
 
# 推送到gitlab
git add .
git commit -m "first edition"
git push origin master

# 1. 先从仓库把项目拉下来
git clone [email protected]:java/app01.git
cd app01/
 
# 2.先创建一个自己的分支，然后进行开发
git checkout -b index   # 创建一个叫index的分支，并切换到这个分支
git status
 
# 3. 开始开发首页
echo "<h1>welcome to this app</h1>" > index.html  # 假设就开发了一个index页面
 
# 4. 开发完成后，把项目传到仓库
git add .
git commit -m "index"
# 如果写成 git commit -m "close #2" ，则表示merge请求允许且merge成功之后，自动删除编号为#2的issue
 
# 传到index分支
git push origin index

# 备份保存的位置，这里是默认位置，可修改成指定的位置
gitlab_rails['backup_path'] = "/var/opt/gitlab/backups"
 
# 设置备份保存的时间，超过此时间的日志将会被新覆盖
gitlab_rails['backup_keep_time'] = 604800  # 这里是默认设置，保存7天
 
# 特别注意：
#     如果自定义了备份保存位置，则要修改备份目录的权限，比如：
#     chown -R git.git /data/backup/gitlab

# 重读配置文件
gitlab-ctl reconfigure
 
# 重启gitlab
gitlab-ctl restart

# 每天凌晨2点定时创建备份
# 将一下内容写入到定时任务中 crontab -e
0 2 * * * /usr/bin/gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create
 
# 备份策略建议：
#     本地保留3到7天，在异地备份永久保存

# 备份后的文件类似这样的形式：1494170842_gitlab_backup.tar，可以根据前面的时间戳确认备份生成的时间
 
data  -d  @1494170842

# 停止数据写入服务
gitlab-ctl stop puma
gitlab-ctl stop sidekiq

# 进行恢复
gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:restore BACKUP=1627839447_2021_08_01_14.1.1-ee  # 这个时间戳就是刚刚备份的文件前面的时间戳
 
# 重启
gitlab-ctl restart

gitlab_rails['time_zone'] = 'Asia/Shanghai'
 
gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_enabled'] = true
gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_from'] = '[email protected]' # 填写发件人的邮箱地址
gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_display_name'] = 'gitlab'
 
gitlab_rails['smtp_enable'] = true
gitlab_rails['smtp_address'] = "smtp.163.com"  # smtp服务器的地址,如网易的地址
gitlab_rails['smtp_port'] = 25                 # 要注意如果使用了SSL/TLS的话,端口可能不是25
gitlab_rails['smtp_user_name'] = "smtp用户名"
gitlab_rails['smtp_password'] = "smtp用户密码"
gitlab_rails['smtp_domain'] = "163.com"
gitlab_rails['smtp_authentication'] = "login"

########## 邮件服务配置 ##########
gitlab_rails['smtp_enable'] = true
gitlab_rails['smtp_address'] = "smtp.exmail.qq.com"
gitlab_rails['smtp_port'] = 465
gitlab_rails['smtp_tls'] = true
gitlab_rails['smtp_user_name'] = "账号"
gitlab_rails['smtp_password'] = "密码"
gitlab_rails['smtp_authentication'] = "login"
gitlab_rails['smtp_enable_starttls_auto'] = true 
gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_from'] = "发件人邮箱"
 

unicorn['worker_processes'] = 1
unicorn['worker_memory_limit_min'] = "300 * 1 << 20"
unicorn['worker_memory_limit_max'] = "400 * 1 << 20"
unicorn['worker_timeout'] = 15
sidekiq['concurrency'] = 10
sidekiq_cluster['enable'] = false
sidekiq_cluster['ha'] = false
redis['maxclients'] = "100"
nginx['worker_processes'] = 2
nginx['worker_connections'] = 512
nginx['keepalive_timeout'] = 300
nginx['cache_max_size'] = '200m'
mattermost['enable'] = false
mattermost_nginx['enable'] = false
gitlab_pages['enable'] = false
pages_nginx['enable'] = false
postgresql['shared_buffers'] = "256MB"
postgresql['max_connections'] = 30
postgresql['work_mem'] = "8MB"
postgresql['maintenance_work_mem'] = "16MB"
postgresql['effective_cache_size'] = "1MB"
postgresql['checkpoint_timeout'] = "5min"
postgresql['checkpoint_warning'] = "30s"
 

docker exec gitlab gitlab-ctl reconfigure
docker-compose down
docker-compose up -d
 

registry_external_url "https://gitlab.example.com:4567"  # ContainerRegistry的外部访问地址
registry_nginx['ssl_certificate'] = "/etc/gitlab/ssl/domain.crt"
registry_nginx['ssl_certificate_key'] = "/etc/gitlab/ssl/domain.key"
gitlab_rails['registry_host'] = "gitlab.example.com"
gitlab_rails['registry_port'] = "4567"
gitlab_rails['registry_api_url'] = "http://localhost:5000"
gitlab_rails['gitlab_default_projects_features_builds'] = false
gitlab_rails['gitlab_default_projects_features_container_registry'] = false
 

# Gitlab维护
docker exec gitlab gitlab-ctl status  # gitlab各组件服务状态
docker exec gitlab gitlab-ctl start/restart/stop [组件名]  # gitlab所有组件的统一控制（其中Unicorn组件重启完成前GitLab会报502）
docker exec gitlab gitlab-ctl tail [/var/log/gitlab下的某子目录]  # 实时查看日志
 
docker exec gitlab update-permissions  # 修复gitlab版本升级后出现的权限问题
docker exec gitlab gitlab-ctl reconfigure  # 重载配置
docker exec -t gitlab gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create  # 创建备份
 
# ContainerRegistry维护
docker exec gitlab gitlab-ctl registry-garbage-collect  # 垃圾回收，清理废弃layer（registry停机）
 

# 账号密码若存在特殊字符则需要url编码
https://username:password@host:port/group/project.git
 

gitlab-rails console

user = User.where(id: 1).first
user.password='123456'
user.password_confirmation = '123456'
user.save! #注意加上 “！”

quit

 gitlab-rails console production 命令 开始初始化密码
# 在irb(main):001:0> 后面通过 u=User.where(id:1).first 来查找与切换账号（User.all 可以查看所有用户）
# 通过u.password='12345678'设置密码为12345678(这里的密码看自己喜欢)：
# 通过u.password_confirmation='12345678' 再次确认密码
# 通过 u.save!进行保存

ERROR: must be owner of extension plpgsql
ERROR: must be owner of schema public
ERROR: schema “public” already exists
ERROR: must be owner of schema public
ERROR: must be owner of extension plpgsql
WARNING: no privileges could be revoked for “public”
WARNING: no privileges could be revoked for “public”
WARNING: no privileges were granted for “public”
WARNING: no privileges were granted for “public”

cd /var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data
$ vi /var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data/postgresql.conf
listen_addresses = '*'

$ vi /var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data/pg_hba.conf
local   all         all                               trust
host    all         all                               127.0.0.1/32 trust
host    all         all                               ::1/128 trust    #ipv6 可以不配置

gitlab-ctl restart

cd /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin
su gitlab-psql
./psql -h 127.0.0.1 gitlabhq_production

\du

ALTER USER gitlab WITH SUPERUSER;

\q

gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:restore BACKUP=1462989681

gitlab-ctl restart

sudo vim /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb

# Pages 服务地址
pages_external_url "http://git.17lai.io"
# 启用 pages
gitlab_pages['enable'] = true
# fails to start in Docker
gitlab_pages['inplace_chroot'] = true

sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure

# stdout
> gitlab Reconfigured!

# 换成你自己的仓库地址
git clone [email protected]:pages/plain-html.git

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="generator" content="GitLab Pages">
    <title>Plain HTML site using GitLab Pages</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
  </head>
  <body>
    <div class="navbar">
      <a href="https://pages.gitlab.io/plain-html/">Plain HTML Example</a>
      <a href="https://gitlab.com/pages/plain-html/">Repository</a>
      <a href="https://gitlab.com/pages/">Other Examples</a>
    </div>

    <h1>Hello World!</h1>

    <p>
      This is a simple plain-HTML website on GitLab Pages, without any fancy static site generator.
    </p>
  </body>
</html>

body {
  font-family: sans-serif;
  margin: auto;
  max-width: 1280px;
}

.navbar {
  background-color: #313236;
  border-radius: 2px;
  max-width: 800px;
}

.navbar a {
  color: #aaa;
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 15px;
  padding: 10px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.navbar a:hover {
  color: #ffffff;
}

# This file is a template, and might need editing before it works on your project.
# Full project: https://gitlab.com/pages/plain-html
pages:
  tags:
    - html
  stage: deploy
  script:
    - mkdir .public
    - cp -r * .public
    - mv .public public
  artifacts:
    paths:
      - public
  only:
    - master

git add .
git commit -m"feat(pages):  开启 pages 服务"
git push

//外部访问地址，此处被nginx代理，暴露给外部访问
registry_external_url 'http://xxx.com'
//启用
gitlab_rails['registry_enabled'] = true
//registry 服务ip
gitlab_rails['registry_host'] = "172.29.1.70"
//registry 服务真正端口
gitlab_rails['registry_port'] = "5000"

gitlab-ctl reconfigure
gitlab-ctl restart

# docker login https://xxx.com -u root -p xxx
Login Succeeded

docker login xxx.com -u <username> -p <token>

curl -L https://packages.gitlab.com/install/repositories/runner/gitlab-runner/script.deb.sh | sudo bash

sudo apt-get install gitlab-runner

gitlab-runner register

输入Runner的executor：
Please enter the executor: ssh, docker+machine, docker-ssh+machine, kubernetes, docker, parallels, virtualbox, docker-ssh, shell:

# 仅作展示，未显示完整
[runners.docker]
  image = "jdd.io/jre:1.8.275"
  volumes = ["/cache","/run/docker.sock:/run/docker.sock"]

always —— Runner始终从远程pull docker image。
if-not-present —— Runner会首先检查本地是否有该image，如果有则用本地的，如果没有则从远程拉取。
never —— Runner始终使用本地的image。

# 仅作展示，未显示完整
[runners.docker]
  image = "jdd.io/jre:1.8.275"
  pull_policy="if-not-present" # 添加这个选项就可以了
  volumes = ["/cache","/run/docker.sock:/run/docker.sock"]